Due to the recent COVID-19 pandemic, which was caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV2, there is a global scarcity of personal protective equipment (PPE) for health care workers, particularly face masks.

The term “oxygen therapy” refers to the giving of oxygen to a patient at a concentration higher than that found in ambient air. Oxygen therapy is a critical component of hypoxemia treatment and is frequently utilized across a broad variety of disciplines.

The volume of air that does not engage in alveolar gas exchange during ventilation is called dead space. 1 Physiological quiet space exists during normal breathing in the resting state. Anatomical and functional/alveolar dead space is included in physiological dead space.

Aortic Stenosis (AS) is the most prevalent valvular heart disease, affecting up to 10% of all persons over the age of 80 and carrying a 50% death risk within two years. The surgical aortic valve replacement procedure continues to be the gold standard for individuals with a low to moderate surgical risk.

Mask ventilation is a critical part of airway control. While there are ways for assessing the likelihood of difficulties with intubation and rating the view during laryngoscopy, there is no acknowledged scale for grading mask ventilation to our knowledge.